It is an ancient city that was once a major cultural and political center in the Hellenistic period. It is renowned for its impressive archaeological sites, rich history, and stunning views of the surrounding landscape. Pergamon was known for its advancements in art, science, and architecture, and it played a significant role in the spread of Hellenistic culture. Pergamon was established in the 3rd century BC and became the capital of the Kingdom of Pergamon. It was known for its library, which was one of the largest in the ancient world, second only to the Library of Alexandria. The city was also famous for its impressive acropolis, which housed numerous temples, theaters, and other monumental structures. Today, Pergamon is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, attracting visitors interested in history, archaeology, and ancient architecture.
Pergamon Highlights:
- Best time to visit April to May and September to October.
- Acropolis of Pergamon: The acropolis is the most significant part of the ancient city, situated on a hill overlooking the surrounding area. Visitors can explore the ruins of temples, altars, and other structures, including the Temple of Athena and the Altar of Zeus.
- Theater: The ancient theater of Pergamon is one of the steepest theaters in the world, with a seating capacity of around 10,000. It offers stunning views of the surrounding landscape and is a remarkable example of Hellenistic architecture.
- Asclepius (Asclepius Sanctuary): This ancient healing center was dedicated to Asclepius, the god of medicine. The site includes ruins of temples, a sacred spring, and various treatment facilities. It was a significant center for healing in the ancient world.
- Library of Pergamon: Once one of the largest libraries of the ancient world, the Library of Pergamon housed thousands of scrolls and was a center of learning and scholarship. Although the library itself no longer exists, its historical significance remains.
- Temple of Trajan: This temple, dedicated to the Roman Emperor Trajan, is located on the acropolis and features impressive architectural remains. The temple was built in the 2nd century AD and is a testament to the city's importance during the Roman period.
- The Red Basilica (Kızıl Avlu): Originally built as a temple for the Egyptian gods, this impressive structure later became a Christian basilica. Its red brick walls give it a distinctive appearance, and it is one of the largest ancient structures in the region.
- Pergamon Museum: Located in Berlin, Germany, this museum houses many artifacts and sculptures from Pergamon, including the famous Pergamon Altar. While not in Turkey, it is worth mentioning for those interested in the treasures of Pergamon.
- Bergama Archaeological Museum: Situated in the modern town of Bergama, this museum showcases artifacts from the ancient city, including sculptures, inscriptions, and everyday items, providing context to the history of Pergamon.
- St. John's Church: Located near the acropolis, this ancient church is one of the earliest examples of Christian architecture in the region and adds to the historical significance of Pergamon.